Foxes in the Henhouse: An Exploratory Inquiry into Financial Markets Fraud

Conventional understandings of fraud are organized around the fraud triangle first developed in the 1950s by Cressey. This conceptual device remains central in our pedagogy and research on this especially timely topic. As long as fraud is imagined to be not much different than a stereotypical act by a single individual out of financial desperation and impulsiveness, the fraud triangle provides a reasonably powerful conceptual organization. However, when applied to abuses that occur in highly organized financial markets, its application takes on new meanings that push the boundaries of its usefulness. Using interviews with traders and other securities market participants, this paper concludes that the prospects for ill-gotten gain are much more systematic and the product of incomplete regulation

A history of literary study of the Bible

Dogmatic biblical exegesis had a near monopoly until well into the modern era. Similarly, in academic circles, biblical criticism has invariably meant historical-critical study of the Bible. Both dogmatic and historical interpreters have read the Bible primarily for information--either about religion or history. The Bible\u27s cognitive content has been primary. But now, in the latter part of the twentieth century, the intrinsic literary worth of the Bible is being widely noted; scholarly articles on the Bible regularly appear in standard literary journals; The current explosion of interest in this field may lead one to suspect \u27faddism.\u27 Nothing could be further from the truth. This dissertation traces the long and distinguished history of the literary approach to the Bible. From the very beginning, literary approaches have existed alongside more dominant ones. We may say that literary study of the Bible has been a discipline-in-waiting, watching for an opportunity to be born. By all appearances, it need wait no longer; Given the current critical climate, perhaps literary approaches would be more accurate, for there is as yet no consensus on method. Some observers have commented on the apparently chaotic condition of modern criticism. Yet what many perceive as chaos may be evidence of the fundamental vigor of a criticism that has for too long been suppressed by nonliterary paradigms; After circumscribing the limits of a \u27literary\u27 approach to the Bible, this historical survey shows how literary study of the Bible is as old as the biblical writings themselves. Later biblical writers freely appropriated and reworked earlier material. During the Middle Ages, rabbinic commentary and Christian allegorical exegesis picked up on literary elements of the biblical text. Based upon the Bible\u27s many rhetorical figures, Renaissance humanism elicited numerous defenses of biblical \u27poetry.\u27 The historical \u27difficulties\u27 highlighted by Enlightenment criticism were fundamentally literary problems. Nineteenth-century philological advances were a necessary prerequisite for contemporary literary study. Finally, the Romantic revolt inspired the \u27Bible as Literature\u27 movement, which has come to maturity in our generation

Processing and Phase Formation in Zr-Based Bulk-Metallic Glass-Forming Alloys

Bulk-metallic glasses have established a formidable presence in the scientific community in recent years, due to a number of properties that are uncharacteristic of metallically-bonded materials. One of the fundamental challenges facing researchers in this field is to develop new and improved processing methods with the ultimate goal of facilitating a large-scale industrial integration of the materials. The research described herein is directed toward the pursuit of developing and improving upon the current state-of-the art in the science of bulk-metallic glass processing. A number of research and development projects were undertaken in this pursuit. First, the technology to process bulk-metallic glasses at the University of Tennessee was developed and successfully implemented. Second, bulk-metallic glasses were produced using aerodynamic levitation, which showed an improvement over the accessible cooling rates achievable employing other containerless-processing methods. Third, erbium was found to be a superior dopant to other rare-earth elements to neutralize the oxygen in a Zr-based glass-forming alloy. The alloy was found to form a glass in the presence of up to 16,000-atomic-ppm oxygen by microalloying with Er, with a relatively minor effect on the thermal and mechanical integrity of the materials. Fourth, metastable intermetallic phases were identified in as-cast VIT-105 alloy materials that contained oxygen, using diffraction. The diffraction study included the whole pattern fitting of diffraction from crystalline species in a BMG, an analytical approach that, if existing at all in the literature, is quite rare. Furthermore, this study included a novel approach to fitting diffraction from the glass. Fifth, oxygen-stabilized analogues to intermetallic phases were found in the superheated-liquid state. The presence of Er was found to inhibit surface reoxidation, revealing its mechanism for the neutralization of oxygen. The results were used to propose a model for heterogeneous nucleation and the so-called overheating threshold in the alloy

Cryptocurrencies Are Taxable and Not Free From Fraud

In this report, the authors discuss cryptocurrencies — especially bitcoin — and argue that because the IRS lists them as property, they are taxable, and because they are not as anonymous as once thought, they are not free from fraud. Cryptocurrencies are digital assets used as a medium of exchange, but they are not really coins. They can be sent electronically from one entity to another almost anywhere in the world with an internet connection. There are many cryptocurrencies in the market, including bitcoin, ethereum, ethereum classic, litecoin, nem, dash, iota, bitshares, monero, neo, and ripple. Many of the cryptocurrency networks are not controlled by a single entity or company; instead, a decentralized network of computers keeps track of the currency using a token ID. A ledger maintains a continuously growing list of date stamped transactions in real time called “blocks.” This technology is known as blockchain, which records, verifies, and stores transactions without a trusted central authority. The network instead relies on decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) with uncertain legal standing

Problems of African Policy

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/citizens_clip/1101/thumbnail.jp

Toward a Policy for Africa

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/citizens_clip/1114/thumbnail.jp